Sunday 30 October 2011

HTML - CSS


DESCRIPTION:

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can be applied to any kind of XML document.
In CSS, selectors are used to declare which elements a style applies to, a kind of match expression. Selectors may apply to all elements of a specific type, or only those elements which match a certain attribute; elements may be matched depending on how they are placed relative to each other in the markup code, or on how they are nested within the document object model
A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists of one or more selectors and a declaration block. A declaration-block consists of a list of semicolon-separated declarations in braces. Each declaration itself consists of a property, a colon (:), a value, then a semi-colon (;)
Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules:
  1. External style sheet
  2. Internal style sheet (inside the <head> tag)
  3. Inline style (inside an HTML element)
An inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will override a style declared inside the <head> tag, in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a default value).

Syntax

The CSS syntax is made up of three parts: a selector, a property and a value:
selector {property: value}
The selector is normally the HTML element/tag you wish to define, the property is the attribute you wish to change, and each property can take a value. The property and value are separated by a colon, and surrounded by curly braces:
body {color: black}

External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="mystyle.css" />
</head>
The browser will read the style definitions from the file mystyle.css, and format the document according to it.

Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section by using the <style> tag,
<head>
<style>
selector {property:value; property:value;…..}
</style>
</head>

Inline Styles

An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly, such as when a style is to be applied to a single occurrence of an element.
To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.
<p style="color: sienna; margin-left: 20px">
This is a paragraph  </p>

PROGRAM:

Cas.css:
a:link{color:black;}
a:visited{color:pink;}
a:active{color:red;}
a:hover{color:green;}

.right {
            text-align:center;
            text-decoration:underline;
            font-weight:bold;
            color:blue;
            font-family:comic sans ms;
            font-size:30; }
.image { 
              text-align:left;
              font-family:"monotype corsiva";
              font-weight:10;
               }

.image1 {
                  background-image:url("C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\My Documents\My Pictures\krishna.jpg");
                  background-attachment:fixed;
                background-repeat:no-repeat;
                  width:150;
                  height:150;  }
table { align:center;border:10;
                border-style:ridge;
                border-color:yellow;}

htm.html:
<html>
<head>
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="cas.css" type="text/css">
   <style>
      .xlink{ text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold;cursor:crosshair;}
      .ylink{text-decoration:underline;font-weight:bold;cursor:help;}
   </style>
</head>
<body class="image">

    <p style="text-align:right;">
       <a href="registration.html" class="xlink"> Reg Link</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
       <a href="topframe.html" class="ylink"> Help Link</a>
    </p>
   <p class="right">PVPSIT</p>
       <div style="position:relative;font-size:90px;z-index:5;color:purple;">PVPSIT</div>
       <div style="position:relative;font-size:50px;z-index:1;top:-70; left:5;color:blue;">CSE</div>
       <div style="position:relative;font-size:90px;z-index:1;color:purple;">PVPSIT</div>
       <div style="position:relative;font-size:50px;z-index:5;top:-70; left:5;color:blue;">CSE</div>  
    <table  align="center" class="image1">
       <tr>
          <td> Fruits</td>
          <td> Mango</td>
      </tr>
   </table>
</body>
</html>